What is the shape of the universe?
Does it extend infinitely?
We can go around the earth forever but can not find the end. Likewise, the universe may be finite but endless.
Let's consider a mathematical model suitable for such a space.
A summary of Euclidean geometry is as follows:
A space is composed of a set of points and the relationship between them. The point is a location in space. Between two points, there are infinitely many other points. A line is a set of points in a specific direction at a particular point in space. A plane is a set of points in all directions normal to a specific direction at a particular point in space.
The dimension of a space is the number of independent coordinates needed to locate a point in the space. The n-sphere is a set of points at a specified distance from a particular point in (n+1)-dimensional space. The n-ball is a set of points whose distance from a particular point is less than a specified length in n-dimensional space. |