+plus −minus┆·times /over┆˄to ˅root ⍻log
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+addition┆−subtraction
➊ Natural numbers are closed under addition.
➋ Subtraction is the inverse operation of addition.
p + q = r
r - q = p
r - p = q
If p or q is greater than r, the result is not a natural number.
By defining integers to contain 0 and negative numbers, they b ...
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·multiplication┆/division
➌ Multiplication is repeated addition.
p + p + p = p·3
p·0 means 'adding p zero times', which is 0.
If we define p·(-q) as 'subtracting p q times', then integers are closed under multiplication too.
➍ Division is the inverse operation of multiplication.
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˄exponentiation┆˅root
➎ Exponentiation is repeated multiplication.
p · p · p = p ˄ 3
p ˄ 1 means 'multiplying p one time', which means 'adding p one time', that is p.
(p˄m)·(p˄n) = p˄(m+n)
(p˄m)˄n = p˄(m·n)
(p·q)˄n = (p˄n)·(q˄n)
➏ Root is the inverse operation of exponentiati ...
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41 Logarithms Part 1
When we say log base b of x equals y, we are saying b to the y equals x.
With logs, the base of the log raised to the power of what's on the other side of the equal sign will equal the number that the log is operating on.
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Logarithms Explained
Anytime you see log base b of some number n, you can think about it as asking the question "What power do I need to put in my exponent to get b to that power equal to this number n?"
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