• Calculus summary
When x changes by h, the ratio of a change in F(x) to the change in x that caused it, is equal to (F(x+h)−F(x))/h. As h approaches 0, the limit of the ratio becomes a value. A function that maps x to this limit is called the derivative of F(x). ｢(F(x+h)− ...
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• 01 The Greeks, Newton and Leibniz
○ Many students quit math entirely when they get up to this point, mainly out of fear. ○ We will get to some of those in due time as well. ○ What challenge could possibly have necessitated the development of calculus?
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Proverbs and Quotes in English
Short sentences and easy words.

• 01 The Greeks, Newton and Leibniz
Whether differential or integral both concepts involve the idea that we can do something infinately many times and get a finite answer that is useful.
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• 02 The Slope of a Tangent Line
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• 03 Rates of Change
Galileo had already discovered some years prior that the distance traveled by a falling object is represented by a function of time. Newton wondered how one could calculate the velocity of the object at any particular instance during the fall.
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• 04 Limits and Limit Laws in Calculus
Asymptote: a straight line approached by a given curve as one of the variables in the equation of the curve approaches infinity
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• 05 What is a Derivative?
What is a Derivative? Deriving the Power Rule
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• 06 Derivatives of Polynomial Functions
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• 06 Power Rule proof
Definition of differentiation (x˄n)▽x = ｢((x+h)˄−x˄n)/h :h⨠0｣ Binomial Expansion (x+h)˄n = ｢n!/((n−k)!·k!)·x˄(n−k)·h˄k Σk=0,n｣ (x+h)˄n − x˄n = ｢n!/((n−k)!·k!)·x˄(n−k)·h˄k Σk=1,n｣ ((x+h)˄n−x˄n) / h = ｢n!/((n−k)!·k!)·x˄(n−k)·h˄(k−1) Σk=1,n｣ ｢((x+h)˄n−x˄ ...
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• 06 Product Rule proof
(f(x)·g(x))▽x = ｢(f(x+h)·g(x+h)−f(x)·g(x))/h :h⨠0｣ = ｢(f(x+h)·g(x+h)−f(x+h)·g(x)+f(x+h)·g(x)−f(x)·g(x))/h :h⨠0｣ ┅ −f(x+h)·g(x)+f(x+h)·g(x) inserted ┅ = ｢(f(x+h)·g(x+h)−f(x+h)·g(x))/h :h⨠0｣ + ｢(f(x+h)·g(x)−f(x)·g(x))/h :h⨠0｣ ┅ split up into two limits ┅ ...
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• 06 Quotient Rule proof
(f(x)/g(x))▽x = ｢(f(x+h)/g(x+h)−f(x)/g(x))/h :h⨠0｣ = ｢(f(x+h)·g(x)−f(x)·g(x+h))/(g(x+h)·g(x))/h :h⨠0｣ ➊ = ｢(f(x+h)·g(x)−f(x)·g(x+h))/h/(g(x+h)·g(x)) :h⨠0｣ = ｢(f(x+h)·g(x)−f(x)·g(x+h))/h :h⨠0｣ · ｢1/(g(x+h)·g(x)) :h⨠0｣ = ｢((f(x+h)−f(x))·g(x)−f(x)·(g(x+h)−g( ...
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• 06 Taylor and Maclaurin Series
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• 06 Taylor and Maclaurin Series
○ Power Series ｢cₙ·x˄n Σn=0,∞｣ ○ Taylor Series ｢f(x)▽ⁿx｢a｣/n!·(x−a)˄n Σn=0,∞｣ ○ Maclaurin Series ｢f(x)▽ⁿx｢0｣/n!·x˄n Σn=0,∞｣ ┅ f(x)▽⁰x = c₀·(x−a)˄0 + c₁·(x−a)˄1 + c₂·(x−a)˄2 + c₃·(x−a)˄3 + ... = ｢cₙ·(x−a)˄n Σn=0,∞｣ f(x)▽⁰x｢a｣ = c₀ = c₀·0! c₀ = f(x)▽⁰x｢a｣/ ...
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• 07 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
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• 08 Chain Rule
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• 08 Chain Rule
Derivatives of composite functions
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• 08 Chain Rule proof
Definition of differentiation f(g(x))▽x = ｢(f(g(x+h))−f(g(x)))/h :h⨠0｣ = ｢(f(g(x+h))−f(g(x)))/(g(x+h)−g(x))·(g(x+h)−g(x))/h :h⨠0｣ = ｢(f(g(x+h))−f(g(x)))/(g(x+h)−g(x)) :h⨠0｣·｢(g(x+h)−g(x))/h :h⨠0｣ ᐥ Let g(x+h)−g(x) = t, then ｢t :h⨠0｣ = 0 and g(x+h) = g(x) ...
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• 09 Derivatives of Logarithmic and Exponential Functions
Derivatives of Logarithmic and Exponential Functions
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• 17 What is Integration?
○ Finding the Area Under a Curve ○ tinker, articulation, solidify
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• 18 The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Redefining Integration
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• 18 The fundamental theorem of calculus
If f is Riemann integrable on [a,b] and F(x) is the integral of f(t) from a to b then F is continuous on [a,b]. Furthermore, if f is continuous on [a,b] then F is differentiable on [a,b] and F' = f.
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• 19 Properties of Integrals and Evaluating Definite Integrals
Properties of Integrals and Evaluating Definite Integrals
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• 20 Evaluating Indefinite Integrals
Evaluating Indefinite Integrals
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• 21 Evaluating Integrals With Trigonometric Functions
Evaluating Integrals With Trigonometric Functions
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• 22 Integration Using The Substitution Rule
Integration Using The Substitution Rule
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• 23 Integration By Parts
Integration By Parts
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• 24 Integration by Trigonometric Substitution
Integration by Trigonometric Substitution
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• 25 Advanced Strategy for Integration in Calculus
Advanced Strategy for Integration in Calculus
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• 26 Evaluating Improper Integrals
Evaluating Improper Integrals
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• 27 Finding the Area Between Two Curves by Integration
Finding the Area Between Two Curves by Integration
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• 28 Calculating the Volume of a Solid of Revolution by Integration
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• 29 Calculating Volume by Cylindrical Shells
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• 30 The Mean Value Theorem For Integrals: Average Value of a Function
The Mean Value Theorem For Integrals: Average Value of a Function
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• Double and Triple Integrals - YouTube
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